1891 Martinique Hurricane in Dominica

On August 18, 1891, the 1891 Martinique Hurricane, also known as Hurricane San Magín, struck the Caribbean, profoundly affecting islands such as Martinique and Dominica. While Martinique experienced catastrophic damage, Dominica faced significant impacts from this powerful storm.

Impact of the 1891 Martinique Hurricane on Dominica

As the hurricane approached, Dominica experienced intense winds estimated at 125 mph (201 km/h) from the southeast, accompanied by heavy rainfall. These severe weather conditions led to widespread damage across the island. Numerous fences were downed, and fruit trees suffered considerable damage. The storm’s force uprooted trees, demolished buildings, and devastated plantations, severely affecting the island’s economy and food supply. Offshore, rough seas capsized many canoes and boats, resulting in seven people reported missing.

While neighbouring Martinique suffered catastrophic losses, with over 700 fatalities, the specific death toll and detailed accounts of casualties in Dominica remain less documented. However, the extensive damage reported suggests that the hurricane had a profound impact on the island’s communities and livelihoods.

Historical Significance

The devastation wrought by the 1891 hurricane highlighted the critical need for improved disaster preparedness and resilient infrastructure in Dominica and the wider Caribbean. The challenges faced during this period emphasized the importance of developing effective early warning systems and building practices designed to withstand severe weather events.