Dominica Constitution Order

The Dominica Constitution Order refers to the legal instruments that have established and amended the constitutional framework of the Commonwealth of Dominica. These orders, enacted by the British Crown, have been pivotal in shaping Dominica’s political and legal structures, transitioning the nation from colonial rule to full sovereignty.

Dominica Constitution Order 1967

On March 1, 1967, the Dominica Constitution Order 1967 took effect, granting Dominica the status of an Associated State. This arrangement gave the island full control over its internal affairs, while the United Kingdom retained responsibility for external affairs and defence. The Order established a new constitution featuring a Governor as the representative of the British Monarch and a Premier leading the government. Edward Oliver LeBlanc became the first Premier under this new constitutional arrangement.

Commonwealth of Dominica Constitution Order 1978

Dominica’s journey to full sovereignty culminated with the Commonwealth of Dominica Constitution Order 1978, which occurred on November 3, 1978. This Order marked Dominica’s transition to an independent republic within the Commonwealth, establishing the nation as the Commonwealth of Dominica. The constitution outlined in this Order delineates the structure of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, and the functions of various state organs.

Key Features of the 1978 Constitution

• Republican Status: Dominica adopted a republican form of government, replacing the Governor with a President as the Head of State.
• Separation of Powers: The constitution delineates the powers and functions of the Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary, ensuring a system of checks and balances.
• Fundamental Rights: It enshrines fundamental rights and freedoms, including provisions for their enforcement and protection.
• Parliamentary Structure: The constitution establishes a unicameral House of Assembly and details its composition, powers, and procedures.

The 1978 Constitution has undergone amendments to address evolving political, social, and legal developments, ensuring its continued relevance to the needs of Dominica’s citizens.

These constitutional orders have been instrumental in shaping Dominica’s governance, reflecting the nation’s progression from colonial administration to complete independence and republicanism.