Matthieu River

The Matthieu River was a notable watercourse in Dominica, contributing to the island’s extensive river system. Originating in the central highlands, it flows westward, ultimately joining the Layou River, Dominica’s largest river, before emptying into the Caribbean Sea. This area has seen notable geological events, especially the formation and eventual breaching of a landslide dam in the late 1990s.

Formation of the Matthieu Landslide Dam

In November 1997, heavy rainfall triggered landslides in the Carholm area, resulting in the natural damming of the Matthieu River. This obstruction led to Miracle Lake, also called Lake Matthieu. The lake reached a depth of approximately 140 feet, becoming more significant than Dominica’s Freshwater Lake and Boeri Lake.

The Breach of Miracle Lake and the 2011 Flooding

On July 27, 2011, the Matthieu landslide dam was breached, resulting in the rapid draining of Miracle Lake. The sudden release of water caused significant flooding along the Layou Valley, damaging infrastructure and affecting nearby communities. Although there were no reported fatalities or injuries, government estimates placed the immediate repair costs between ECD$9 million and ECD$18 million.

Geological Insights and Implications

The Matthieu landslide dam’s formation and breach emphasize Dominica’s complex and active geological landscape. The island’s mountainous terrain, frequent rainfall, and volcanic activity contribute to recurring landslides and natural dam formations. This scenario highlights the importance of consistently monitoring and assessing geological hazards to safeguard communities and infrastructure.

Current Status and Studies

Following the breach, the Matthieu River region has been the subject of geological studies focused on assessing stability and potential future hazards. These studies increase understanding of the risks associated with natural dams in Dominica and the importance of preparedness and resilience for communities in high-risk areas.