Red-necked Amazon Parrot

The Red-necked Amazon parrot (Amazona arausiaca), or the Jaco Parrot, is a stunning and rare species endemic to Dominica. Recognised for its vivid green plumage, distinctive red throat patch, and bright blue facial markings, this parrot is one of the island’s most iconic birds. It is a medium-sized parrot, measuring approximately 16 inches (40 centimeters) in length, with a strong, curved beak adapted for feeding on various fruits and seeds.

Living primarily in Dominica’s lush rainforests, this parrot is essential to the island’s biodiversity, contributing to seed dispersal and forest regeneration. However, due to habitat loss and environmental threats, it is classified as Vulnerable, making conservation efforts crucial for its survival.

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot’s Habitat and Distribution

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot is found exclusively in Dominica, mainly in the island’s central forest reserve and northern forest reserve. These birds thrive in dense tropical rainforests, favoring mature trees with high canopy coverage. They are often seen at elevations of up to 2,600 feet (800 meters), where they nest and forage in the thick foliage.

This species prefers undisturbed, pristine environments, making protected areas such as Morne Diablotins National Park and Morne Trois Pitons National Park crucial for its survival.

Diet and Foraging Behavior

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot has a diverse diet, feeding primarily on:

• Fruits such as mangoes, guavas, and papayas
• Seeds and nuts from native trees like the gommier and bwa bandé
• Berries and flowers, which provide additional nutrients
• Occasionally, tree bark, which supplements their mineral intake

These parrots forage in pairs or small flocks, using their strong beaks to crack open nuts and seeds. Their feeding habits play a vital role in seed dispersal, helping to maintain forest regeneration on the island.

Breeding and Life Cycle

The breeding season for the Red-necked Amazon Parrot typically occurs between February and May, coinciding with Dominica’s dry season. These parrots are monogamous, forming strong pair bonds that last for life.

• Nesting: They prefer tree cavities in old-growth forests, selecting large, secure hollows for their nests.
• Eggs: A typical clutch consists of two to three eggs, which the female incubates for about 26-28 days.
• Parental Care: Both parents play a role in feeding and protecting the chicks, ensuring their survival.
• Fledging: The young parrots fledge after 8 to 10 weeks, learning to forage and fly under the guidance of their parents.

Threats and Conservation Challenges

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot faces several threats that put its survival at risk:

• Deforestation: Logging, agriculture, and land development have reduced its natural habitat, limiting nesting and food sources.
• Hurricanes: Severe storms, such as those caused by the Atlantic hurricane season, have destroyed nesting trees and food supplies.
• Illegal Pet Trade: Although poaching is rare today, the capture of parrots for the pet trade has historically contributed to population declines.
• Predation: Introduced species, such as rats and invasive snakes, pose a threat to nesting parrots and eggs.

Conservation Efforts and Protection Measures

Several organizations and government agencies are working to protect and preserve the Red-necked Amazon Parrot. Some key efforts include:

1. Protected Areas and National Parks

• The Morne Diablotins National Park was established as a sanctuary for Dominica’s parrots, ensuring safe breeding and foraging grounds.
• Morne Trois Pitons National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, also provides vital habitat protection.

2. Forestry and Wildlife Division

• The Dominica Forestry, Wildlife and Parks Division plays a central role in monitoring parrot populations, enforcing wildlife protection laws, and running public awareness campaigns.
• The division leads reforestation programs to rebuild damaged habitats after hurricanes and deforestation.

3. International Conservation Groups

• Organizations such as BirdLife International and The World Parrot Trust support conservation efforts by providing scientific research, funding, and technical assistance.

4. Community Education and Awareness

• Eco-tourism programs promote the protection of Dominica’s natural resources while providing sustainable livelihoods for local communities.
• Schools and environmental groups engage in education campaigns to emphasize the importance of parrot conservation.

Cultural Significance in Dominica

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot holds a special place in Dominica’s culture and identity. It is often featured in:

• Traditional folklore and stories, symbolizing resilience and freedom
• Educational programs, promoting national pride and conservation awareness
• Eco-tourism campaigns, drawing nature lovers and birdwatchers to Dominica’s rainforests

This parrot, along with the Imperial Amazon Parrot, is considered one of Dominica’s national symbols, highlighting the island’s commitment to biodiversity and environmental protection.

A Future for Red-necked Amazon Parrot

The Red-necked Amazon Parrot is not only a beautiful and rare bird but also an integral part of Dominica’s ecosystem and heritage. With ongoing conservation efforts, habitat protection, and community involvement, there is hope for the long-term survival of this magnificent species.

By safeguarding the forests and biodiversity of Dominica, we ensure that future generations can continue to witness the grace and splendor of the Red-necked Amazon Parrot in its natural habitat.