Séwinal

Séwinal is a Christmas tradition in Dominica, deeply rooted in the island’s cultural heritage and history, which dates back to slavery. This unique activity involves bands of singers and musicians travelling from house to house, serenading families during the weeks leading up to Christmas, culminating on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.

Séwinal Origins and Historical Context

Séwinal, derived from the Creole language, emerged to celebrate community, music, and Christmas joy during the colonial period. Originally popular across Dominica, its presence has dwindled over the years, with strongholds in communities like Atkinson, the Kalinago Territory, Paix Bouche, Petite Soufriere, and Petite Savanne. Despite its decline, efforts by cultural groups and local councils have preserved this vibrant tradition in specific areas.

The Séwinal Experience

Séwinal bands, such as the renowned Bann Akayo in Atkinson, perform traditional songs accompanied by jing ping instruments, including the accordion, traditional drum, boom-boom (bamboo bass), cyak (scraper), and sometimes banjo, guitar, violin, and steel pan. The bands typically assemble quietly outside a household and begin with an opening song, such as “Alé di yo nou wivé” (Go and tell them we’ve arrived), to wake up the household.

Once the family invites the group inside, the musicians and singers perform Christmas carols, local folk songs, and humorous pieces in English and Creole. Laughter, dancing, and camaraderie are hallmarks of this experience. In return, the householders offer drinks and treats as tokens of appreciation. The band then sings farewell and moves on to the next home.

Key Players and Events

Groups like Bann Akayo, founded in 1991, have played a pivotal role in preserving Séwinal. They have recorded traditional songs such as Mizik Séwinal, ensuring the music and its cultural significance endure. The Atkinson Village Council and Waraka Séwinal Festival Committee host the annual Waraka Sewinal Festival, a celebration of traditional music featuring performances by séwinal bands, dancers, and even a Miss Noel pageant.

Challenges and Preservation

Séwinal has faced challenges, including economic difficulties that hinder households from offering traditional treats and a shortage of skilled musicians proficient in playing jing ping instruments. Additionally, concerns over security—due to past incidents of theft during Séwinal activities—have made some hesitant to open their doors. However, dedicated efforts by communities and groups like Bann Akayo ensure the tradition remains alive.

Modern Celebrations

Atkinson, Séwinal kicks off on Christmas Eve after Midnight Mass and continues until Christmas morning. The tradition transforms into a Carnival-like celebration on Christmas Day, with villagers joining the band in their revelry. Performances often extend to private events and concerts during the Christmas season.